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ORIJINAL ARAÅžTIRMA

Mesleki Kas Ä°skelet Sistemi Hastalıklarında Alt Ekstremite Hastalıklarının Sıklığı ve Risk Faktörleri
Frequency and Risk Factors of Lower Limb Disorders in Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Received Date : 10 Oct 2020
Accepted Date : 23 Mar 2021
Available Online : 16 Aug 2021
Doi: 10.31609/jpmrs.2020-79500 - Makale Dili: EN
J PMR Sci. 2021;24(3):208-15
ÖZET
Amaç: Mesleki kas iskelet hastalıkları (MKİH) ciddi bir sağlık ve ekonomi problemidir. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği, bu hastalıkların önlenmesi için çok önemlidir. Üst ekstremite MKİH hakkında çok sayıda çalışma olmasına rağmen alt ekstremitede bu sayı çok azdır. Az sayıdaki bu çalışmaların çok büyük bir kısmı da anket çalışmalarından ibarettir. Amacımız, ağır sanayi işçilerinde MKİH’de alt ekstremite hastalıklarının sıklığını ve risk faktörlerini belirlemekti. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, 2018-2020 yılları arasında fizik tedavi ve rehabilitasyon (FTR) polikliniğine başvuran, muayene edilen ve radyolojik tetkikler sonucu MKİH tanısı alan 1.268 hastadan, alt ekstremite MKİH tanısı konulan erkek ve kadın, 110 ağır sanayi işçisi dâhil edilmiştir. Hastaların demografik verileri, çalıştıkları yerdeki risk faktörleri ve hastalıkları kayıt edilmiştir. Bulgular: FTR polikliniğinde MKİH tanısı alan hastalardan, alt ekstremite MKİH tanısı konulanların sıklığı %8,67 (n=110) idi. Bunların görüldüğü bölgeler sırasıyla; diz (hastaların %83,6’sı), ardından ayak-ayak bilekleri (%24,5) ve kalça eklemi (%20,9) idi. Çalışmamızda, ayak-ayak bileği MKİH olan olgularda özel ayakkabı/bot giyme sıklığı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p<0,001). Sonuç: MKİH, hem alt hem de üst ekstremitelerde görülür. Çalışma ortamı için tasarlanmış özel ayakkabılar ve botlar, ayak-ayak bileklerindeki MKİH’yi azaltmaya yardımcı olacak özellikler içermelidir.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a serious health and economic problem. Occupational health and safety is important for preventing these disorders. There are many reports about work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disorders, but few about the lower limb. Most of lower limb reports were based on self-reported scales. Our aim was to determine the frequency and risk factors of lower limb disorders in WMSDs in workers in heavy industry. Material and Methods: We included 110 male and female heavy industry workers among 1,268 patients diagnosed with a WMSD who were admitted to the physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) outpatient clinic between 2018 and 2020, and were diagnosed with a lower limb WMSD by physical and radiological examinations. We recorded demographic data, risk factors, and lower limb WMSD diagnoses for all patients. Results: The incidence of lower limb WMSDs (n=110) among all patients diagnosed with a WMSD in the PMR outpatient clinic was 8.67%. Of these lower extremity WMSDs, the most common site was the knee (83.6% of patients), followed by the feet-ankles (24.5%), and the hip joint (20.9%). In our study, the frequency of wearing special shoes/boots was statistically significantly higher in cases with WMSDs in the feet-ankles (p<0.001). Conclusion: WMSDs are seen in both the lower and upper extremities. Special shoes and boots designed for the working environment should include features that would help to reduce WMSDs of the feet-ankles.
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